การจัดการขยะชุมชนในพื้นที่บึงเขียดโง่ง อำเภอปทุมพร จังหวัดจำปาสัก ประเทศสาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยประชาชนลาว

Abstract

The quantity and characteristics of solid waste are essential information for appropriate solid waste management. These data are still lacking and are not widely used in Lao PDR, especially in wetlands areas. To comply with the sustainable development policy and sustainable goals, Lao PDR government aims for the development of the country from poverty along with sustainable development. It also targets for solving environmental problems as well as solid waste problems. BKN Ramsar site is the habitats of various animal habitats and a strategic area of ​​the Lao PDR which is the target area for sustainable development. The objectives of the study were 1. to analyze and characterize the amount and composition of solid waste and, 2. to find strategic solid waste management in Beung Kiat Ngong Ramsar site, Pathoumphone district, Champasack Province, Laos PDR. The research was divided into 3 parts: Part 1. Survey and waste sampling to identify the amount of solid waste, characterization and composition of solid waste and, the density of solid waste. Part 2 .The distribution of questionnaire targeted on villagers in the area and staffs from the department of natural resources and environment, Champasak Province, Lao PDR who responsible for policy-making and implementation, and part 3. Preliminary laboratory study of value added product from waste. The results from part 1 after survey and sampling solid waste from two villages in BKN Ramsar site; Thabou village and Kait Ngong village showed that the average daily solid waste generation 3.6 kg/day and 2.6 kg/day in Thabou village and Kiat Ngong village, respectively. Yard waste appeared to be the biggest component (36.4%) for Thabou village, while packaging’s dominated waste composition in Kiat Ngong village (28.6%). Open burning and open dumping in public areas and villages’ landfills were general waste management process from both villages. Large amount of golden apple snail shells (GAS) was found with nearly 90% of the total solid waste and were dumped in public areas and villages’ landfills. The result from part 2 showed the responses from villages and DNRE. Lacking of knowledge and understanding of solid waste separation and 3Rs were found from both villages. When comparing the attitude and behavior of solid waste management between Thabou village and Kiat Ngong Village, it was found that Thabou village had more better attitudes and behaviors regarding solid waste management by solid waste separation and 3Rs. It was found that DNRE staffs had more knowledge and understanding on solid waste management and all staffs had the great attitudes towards solid waste management. However, more knowledge and professional training for waste to energy and waste to value added products are required. The results of preliminary study from part 3 showed that golden apple snail shells (GAS), which were found nearly 90% of the total solid waste dumped in public areas, was selected as the raw material for value added production. These GAS contained calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which can be used for industrial and agricultural purpose.Incineration was used for organic removal. Comparative test between three combustion temperatures; 400°C, 500°C and 600°C and 3 treatments (crushed before incineration (Treatment A), incineration without crushing (Treatment B) and control (C)) was conducted. CaCO3 was determined by EDTA method and AAS method. It was found that Treatment B (400°C) gave the maximum value of CaCO3 (624.00 mg/L as CaCO3 from EDAT method and 64.65 mg/L as CaCO3 from AAS method), which was significantly different between others (ANOVA; P=0.006). The findings indicated that the value added product from GAS to CaCO3 could be applied in the industry and agriculture. Moreover, strategy plans on education and knowledge related to waste management, waste separation and 3Rs, waste to value added products and training on waste to energy and composting should be conducted and developed for sustainable solid waste management in BKN Ramsar site.